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Visual Workplace-Visual Thinking:
Creating Enterprise Excellence
Through the Technologies of the Visual Workplace
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At last, a book that explains workplace
visuality as a comprehensive strategy for eliminating
abnormalities, sustaining lean gains, and unifying and aligning
the work culture.
Dr. Galsworth's new full-color book, Visual
Workplace-Visual Thinking, positions the technologies of the
visual workplace where they belong-as a powerful partner to your
company's journey to excellence and crucial to your ability to
hold onto and grow lean gains. Learn about the crucial link
between visual and lean (two wings of a bird)
After a discussion of excellence and the
visual enterprise, and visual basics, Dr. Galsworth demonstrates
the link between an effective implementation of workplace
visuality and creating a spirited, unified and aligned work
culture. The emphasis is on creating a workforce of visual
thinkers.
Then Dr. Galsworth delineates the progression
of visual methods and outcomes that comprehensively creates a
fully-functioning visual work environment: visual order, visual
standards, visual displays, visual metrics, visual problem
solving, visual controls, visual pull systems, and visual
guarantees (poka-yoke devices).
With 25 photo albums and over 200 full-color
photographs and 50 charts, this book explains what it means to
transform an ordinary work environment into one that speaks,
visually-with timely, complete, and precise information that
enables the workforce to do ordinary things extraordinarily
well. Visual Workplace-Visual Thinking is Dr. Galsworth's
acclaimed seminar in book form-and much, much more.
9 x 6.5 (lay-flat perfect binding)
254 pages
207 full-color photographs
50 full-color figures and charts
Hundreds of thousands of people travel to work each day mostly without incident, using a transport system that copes with billons of transactions, supported by little external management. Yet while every single one of us has a unique agenda and set of requirements, as a rule we arrived at our destinations safely and on time, every time, day or night.
All modes of travel face the same challenge with much the same outcome. We find our way around the airport, from departures to passport control, through security and then to the right gate, without asking the way or getting lost. Without speaking a word, we can know, with precision, if our plane is on time, which gate to go to, and when. On the tarmac, planes land and take off in a continuous stream, mostly without incident, despite mind-boggling variables and hair-raising complexity.
The reasons for this are right in front of our eyes – visual information sharing.
Road travel stands witness to the power of visuality as well. Though we may use a map (standard instruction) when we drive, even without one, we receive a vital visual message on average every 3 seconds when traveling at legal speed – and this is excluding the general white line road markings. Imagine a road system devoid of all signs, signals, and road markings. Would the billions of transactions each day go as smoothly?
The same is true when we travel by train, bus, underground or any other public transport system. It is the same in the supermarket, gas station, and hospital. Visual devices are everywhere, guiding, informing, instructing, and making us comply. Their value is indisputable and accepted by us all.
Why is it, then, that as soon as we walk through the factory gate or the office door this all goes out the window? The very mechanism that gets us to our destinations, day in and day out, is often ridiculed and treated as “just a few lines on the floor and posters around the shop or office.” How many lines and signs got you to where you are today?
I urge every Supervisor, Manager, Director, Vice President, Managing Director, and President to find the time to
familiarize themselves with Gwendolyn Galsworth’s work and in particular this book, Visual Workplace-Visual Thinking. Gwendolyn took me to a new level of “lean thinking” with her unique methodology of not just providing a visual workplace but enabling employees to think differently, to think visually.
She gave to the true expert on the shop floor and in the office (the value-add employee) the direct ability to improve his or her own work environment and productivity without the constant support/interference of so-called “lean /process improvement consultants” – outsiders who parachute in, tell those intimately involved in the work how to “do it better”, and then disappear, never to be seen again.
This tool of visual thinking clearly belongs with the individual employee, applied by the individual, to the direct benefit of the individual.
I know of no other improvement tool that has this quality or that guarantees such high levels of ownership, self leadership, and therefore sustainment.
My personal background has had me involved in manufacturing and business process improvement since the early 1970s. I have seen the process grow from Group Technology, Cellular Manufacturing, Systems Engineering, Business Systems Redesign, Lean, and Six Sigma through too many operating systems emulating the acclaimed Toyota Production System. This has been a fabulous journey of learning and application for me that still excites me after 30 years.
I have too many grey hairs and experience to claim that any one of these is better than another. Every improvement strategy is a compilation of tools, and it is the application of these tools at the right time and sequence – aligned with business needs and senior management commitment – that makes a success or failure of any improvement program.
To say, however, that the visual workplace and visual thinking are just another set of tools would be a gross understatement. For me workplace visuality is not only an extremely powerful tool, it is a compulsory tool, one that must top the list of any business contemplating or going through change.
Why is this? Having taken many companies and factories through the journey to lean, introducing flow, single-point accountability, standardized work, teams, and takt time-based production, visual workplace/visual thinking is the one tool that not only ensures sustainment, it is also a cornerstone of all further improvement opportunities.
Workplace visuality is a powerful tool for enforcing information sharing at the point of use, standardized work, workplace standards, and improved productivity. It also enables employee flexibility, skill-building, and alignment. It drives consistency in operational and financial performance. As Gwendolyn says, “on time, every time, day or night” – using the same methodology that got you where you are sitting today!
Sit back, relax, and start what I believe will be a journey that will take your management abilities and understanding to another level.
Welcome to the Visual Thinking Club!
Peter Dobbs
Vice President Operations, Europe, Africa, and Middle East
Honeywell Environmental and Combustion Controls
Former Director of Operational Transformation
Rolls-Royce plc
Foreword: Sherrie Ford
As someone who has worked for
two decades in the increasingly distressed trenches
called “the shop floor,” I can say with confidence
that neither training nor improvement strategies
rank first in the order of operations for
effectively shifting a work culture to meet
competitive demand.
My work for decades has involved
taking whole work cultures – management, hourly
staff, any temps – through an intensive interview
process designed to surface what people have lived
through as employees, what changes they expect in
terms of demand, competition, technology, process,
and cost – and finally what changes they would make
in the organization in order for it to survive and
then excel.
In other words, we ask the
organization (and its entire workforce) what is
required for effective change to happen there. Every
single person in the enterprise is asked to name
those top factors (we call them “orders of
operations”).
In the process of this, we gather
hundreds of responses which the employees themselves
then analyze, pair, and prioritize through affinity
maps and relations diagrams.
We have assisted groups through
this process literally hundreds of times in the past
20 years, in every kind of industry and workplace
setting. Each and every time we do, the same
priorities surface in the top three slots (though
terminology and exact order within that may vary):
- Leadership
- Communication
- Training
Interestingly, all the “usual suspects” for
improving performance line up behind them,
typically in this order:
- Machine Uptime
- Quality
- More Customers
- Pay and Benefits
The message is clear: What really
salvages the enterprise is not what most people
start out thinking. The popular improvement tools –
six sigma, TPM, concurrent engineering, SPC, the
work of Deming, Juran, and Crosby, theory of
constraints, gainsharing, customer delight, or takt
time, standard work, quick changeover, and other
lean tools – all are influenced, driven, governed,
strangled, and/or held hostage by leadership,
communication, and training.
Note that these top three are
culture-making factors as opposed to throughput
considerations. They have the power to salvage an
enterprise; they determine whether or not it will
respond successfully to the global threats that are
closing down companies across the nation. This holds
true not just in some industries but in all
industries.
What does this have to do with
Visual Workplace-Visual Thinking? I first heard
Dr. Galsworth present her concepts at a workshop
hosted by Sensormatic in Puerto Rico. As Gwendolyn
presented each layer of visual thinking (which must
precede visual action), it dawned on me that she has
created a methodology that fuses the three culture
change drivers – leadership, communication, training
– into one.
Beginning with the brilliant
concept of creating individual value fields –
without which the concept of value streams is less
useful – Dr. Galsworth ignites a revolution in the
culture mindset. From the individual value field,
the culture revolution moves to the team level, the
department level, and the enterprise level. Finally,
once we have mastered our own visual answers, the
revolution moves on to the level of supply chain.
Dr. Galsworth has infused a
mastery of the tactics associated with Lean
Manufacturing and the Japanese invasion of the
70s-90s with adult learning theory and her own blend
of spiritual commentary from a lifetime of studying
the meaning of life and the meaning of self. When we
divorce operations management from such dimensions,
we fail to lead cultures through necessary shifts.
In listening to her ideas, I
realized how powerful visual solutions are,
particularly the ones that people invent for
themselves. I also saw that the fact that a visual
device can stand in the place of a supervisor by
answering questions asked on a day to day basis is a
far more profound rationale for implementing
workplace visuality than “this works for the
Japanese; maybe it will work for us.” Thanks to the
level of visual information they share, these
devices can stand in for the team leader, for team
members, and even an entire team meeting.
I know because we have begun to
undertake this ourselves at Power Partners, a
vertically integrated transformer manufacturer. By
broadcasting streams of information that answer
questions on every level, we see that visual
information sharing triggers actions systematically
around shifts, and eases information deficits that
cause performance problems and stresses in the work
culture.
If you follow Dr. Galsworth’s
technologies of the visual workplace, you will
automatically achieve improved enterprise
performance. The priorities set by the work culture
itself, those drawn from the relations diagrams,
have proven this.
Here is one of the most compelling
paragraphs in the early chapters:
In the pre-visual
workplace, everything and everyone is forced to
exist within a narrow definition of their
capability. The physical work environment is bereft
of definition or conveyed context. There is no
common purpose. It is devoid of meaning. In their
sum, I call these lacks information deficits.
Calculating the level of information deficits in
your company is the quickest way for you to diagnose
the extent to which a visual work environment is
both lacking and needed.
And needed
– the emphasis is mine.
I wish I could convey the
experience of watching the input of wave after wave
of employees (in mixed sessions, management as well
as hourly) that hint at the desperation caused by
information deficits. This does not even touch on
the enormity of barriers to trust that these gaps
cause – gaps and desperation that the visual
workplace is designed to address and correct on the
level of each individual.
Workplace visuality starts with
the individual employee, not with teams, though
in time teams evolve and the need for traditional
supervisors or foremen dissolves. By starting with
the individual employee who masters his or her own
value field first, the needed culture sinks deep
roots and endures.
In this excellent book, Visual
Workplace-Visual Thinking, Dr. Galsworth
demonstrates how to build a well-informed,
well-trained and spirited work culture where
performance results flow naturally. The result will
mirror the illusive Toyota culture we strive to
copy, a culture born out of an urgency to survive,
to experiment, and to capture breakthroughs
visually, operator by operator.
There are many beauties to behold
in this book: the classification of types of visual
devices, the eight building blocks of visual
thinking, the ten doorways for creating a visual
workplace, and the illustrations (both anecdotal and
photographic) of each of these.
The most important lesson I gain
from Dr. Galsworth’s work, which is captured
brilliantly in this book, is that through visual
devices of many kinds, we mainline critical
information from the production floor or from any
place of work, without even knowing we are in
dialogue with our space. Floors, walls, machines can
be made to lead, tell, train.
In so doing, the number one, two
and three orders of operations for effective culture
change are fulfilled. When those are in place, they
govern and liberate (not hold hostage) the
conditions that make dramatically improved machine
uptime, quality, and material flow a reality – along
with expanding market share and the promise of
long-term employment stability, pay and benefits
security, and prosperity for the enterprise and
surrounding community.
Sherrie
Ford, Ph.D.
Principal
Change Partners
Chairman of the Board and Executive Vice President
of Culture
Power Partners, Inc.
Athens, Georgia
|
Forward: Peter Dobbs
Foreword: Sherrie Ford
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Section One: Visual
Basics
Chapter 1: Visual Workplace and the
Excellent Enterprise
 | The Solution: Visual
Meaning-Visual Performance
 | Visual Information – Visual
Functionality |
|
 | The Problem: Information
Deficits
 | Information Is Not
Performance |
|
 | Visuality Aligns the Culture
|
 | The New Enterprise |
Chapter 2: The Building Blocks of
Visual Thinking
 | Building Block 1: I-Driven
Change
 | The Two Driving Questions
|
 | Workplace Visuality: An
I-Driven Approach |
 | The Need-to-Share |
|
 | Building Block 2: Standards
 | What Is Supposed to Happen:
Standards |
|
 | Building Block 3: The Six Core
Questions
|
 | Building Block 4: Information
Deficits
|
 | Building Block 5: Motion
 | Motion as the Lever |
|
 | Building Block 6: Work
|
 | Building Block 7: Value Field
 | Naming the Value Field |
|
 | Building Block 8: Motion Metrics
|
 | Putting It All Together |
Section Two: The
Culture Conversion
Chapter 3: Leadership and the Power
Inversion
 | The Challenge: Need for a New
Paradigm
|
 | The Big Picture: The Two
Pyramids of Power
 | False Decision Point: Which
One to Choose?
 | Two Pyramids: Two
Functions |
|
 | Pro-Life and Pro-Choice Come
to an agreement
|
 | The Business Connection
|
 | Caught in the Middle
|
 | The How of Empowerment: The
Hidden Geometry
|
 | Liberating the Hidden
Pyramid: A Closer Look |
|
 | Participation Myths
|
 | The Biggest Mistake
 | The Visual Where:
Low-Hanging Fruit |
|
 | A Visual Truck Mini-Case Study:
 | Angie Alvarado”: Inverting
the Pyramid |
|
Chapter 4: The I-Driven Culture
 | Will I Be the Hero of My Own
Life?
 | Work Culture: Identity’s
Mirror
|
 | The Need to Know: The
I-Driven Approach |
|
 | The Phases of the Identity
Evolution: From Weak-I to Unified-I
 | Moving Too Quickly to Teams
|
 | The Visual Remedy: Letting
the “I” Drive
|
 | Rowers, Watchers, Grumblers:
Another Perspective on the “I”
|
 | People are Worth the Pause
|
|
Section Three:
Technologies of the Visual Workplace
Chapter 5: Visual Order: Visuality’s
Foundation
 | The Goal is Visuality |
 | Visual Order
 | S1: Sort Through/Sort Out
|
 | S2: Shine The Workplace and
Everything in It
|
 | S3: Secure Safety
|
 | S4: Select Locations
|
 | S5: Set Locations |
|
 | The Pattern of Work
|
 | Customer-Driven Visual Order
|
Chapter 6: Visual Standards,
Displays, and Metrics
 | Visual Standards (Level 2.1 –
Doorway 2)
 | Visual Displays (Level 2.2 –
Doorway 3) |
|
 | Visual Metrics and Visual
Problem-Solving
 | Visual Metrics (Lvele 3.1 –
Doorway 4) |
 | Who Owns the Metric? |
|
 | Visual Problem-Solving (Level
3.2 – Doorway 4) |
Chapter 7: Visual Controls,
Guarantees, Machine, Office, and Beyond
 | Visual Controls (Level 5.1 –
Doorway 5)
 | Strengthening Controls
through Design-to-Task |
|
 | Visual Pull Systems (Level 5.2 –
Doorway 5)
 | Min-Max Levels
|
 | Kanban/Heijunka
|
 | Traffic-Light Pull |
|
 | Visual Guarantees (Level 5 –
Doorway 6)
 | Doorway 6 Owner |
|
 | Doorway 7: The Visual Machine
 | Doorway 7 Owner |
|
 | Doorway 8: The Visual-Leansm
Office
 | A Word about Office
Implementations |
|
 | Doorway 9: The Macro-Visual
Environment
|
 | Doorway 10: The Exam-Awards
Process |
Section Four:
Visual-Lean
Chapter 8: The Visual-Lean Alliance
 | Have You Fully Utilized
Visuality? |
 | What Lean Contributes
|
 | What Visual Contributes
 | Critical-Path Visuals vs.
Context Visuals
 | Critical Path Visuals
|
 | Context Visuals |
|
|
 | What Visual Contributes
|
 | Sustainability
|
 | The Decision |
Appendix
List of Photos, Photo Albums,
Figures & Charts
Startup Implementation Template
Resources
Index |
INTRODUCTION
Creating
Enterprise Excellence Through the
Technologies of the Visual Workplace
The technologies of the visual
workplace represent a comprehensive
strategy for installing vital
information as close to the point of
use as possible. Through this
elegant and powerful chain of
methods, we eradicate motion –
caused by chronic information
deficits in the workplace – even as
we generate new levels of employee
inventiveness and contribution, even
as we align the enterprise.
As you will discover by the time
you compete this book, workplace
visuality creates a set of outcomes
that work in parallel with lean
outcomes.
Visual builds the details of work
into the physical environment and
thereby improves adherence, enabling
people to work precisely with
increasing self-regulation. Lean
defines, extends, accelerates, and
controls the flow of work that
visual spells out, dramatically
reducing lead-time and flow
distance. Visual imbeds lean gains
into the physical workplace and
creates self-leadership and
alignment on every level of the
organization. Visual and lean work
hand-in-hand, as do the wings of a
bird. Neither is more important;
they are of equal importance.
There is understandable confusion
on this point because nearly every
early training session on lean has a
built-in module under the “5-S”
rubric that teaches the importance
of borders and home addresses, two
elements of workplace visuality.
This leads people to mistakenly
assume that the lean approach
incorporates visual. It does not.
In fact, as you move through the
chapters of this book, you will see
that applying 5S solely within the
context of lean not only gives
implementers a false belief that
they are implementing workplace
visuality, it also vastly reduces
the impact that so-called “5S” can
contribute to the company’s journey
to excellence.
In nearly twenty-five years of
research and implementation, I have
never found an approach more
powerful than workplace visuality in
liberating, empowering, and aligning
the workforce – not just value-add
employees but all employees,
including managers and executives.
And this is only one aspect of its
power. From its foundation
(so-called “5S”) to visual
guarantees (viz., poka-yoke
systems), the visual workplace is so
much more.
Because organizations have an
incomplete understanding of the
visual approach, they
under-implement and therefore
under-use the remarkable set of
principles, concepts, methods,
tools, practices that constitute the
technologies of the visual
workplace.
A New Understanding
This book invites you to consider
a wholesale upgrade of your vision
and understanding of the visual
approach – one that would populate
the operational landscape with
hundreds, even thousands, of visual
devices and visual mini-systems that
would in their turn entirely
redefine, even revolutionize, the
way work gets done, waste is
reduced, employees are involved,
customers are served, and profit is
made in your organization.
Imbedded in this invitation is
the promise of a new enterprise, one
that reaches for and gains
excellence as a way of doing
business, as part of daily work.
That excellence is founded upon the
emergence of a new core competency
in the corporation, one that I call
visual thinking.
 | Visual thinking is the
ability of each employee to
recognize motion and the
information deficits that cause
it – and then to eliminate both
through solutions that are
visual. |
Visual thinking, which fits
hand-in-glove with lean principles
and outcomes, is the doorway to the
tomorrow you have been seeking,
whatever the industry, whatever the
venue.
How to Use This Book
The first in a new series of
books on visuality in the workplace,
Visual Workplace-Visual Thinking
focuses on what workplace visuality
is, why it is important, and how its
fundamental values and premises lead
to visual outcomes that are
effective, expansive, renewable,
and, above all, sustainable.
Ultimately, this is a book about
visual thinking and how to create a
workforce of visual thinkers. It is
written for executives, managers,
supervisors, team leaders, and union
leadership in its entirety – in
short, for anyone and everyone who
must work through others to achieve
their own objectives.
The second and third books in
this new series, Work That Makes
Sense and Visuality In Action,
focus on the visual contribution of
operators and line employees – the
value-add level of the enterprise.
Other conceptual and how-to books
will follow, addressing such key
visual outcomes as visual displays,
visual standards, visual metrics and
visual problem-solving, visual
controls and visual pull systems,
and the leadership conversion that
the journey to enterprise excellence
requires.
My purpose in telling you this is
not to take an opportunity to market
our other wares but to help you
stretch your thinking further about
what the visual workplace is and why
it is important.
This book is most emphatically
not an implementation manual,
even though it provides many details
on the previously misunderstood
field of workplace visuality. While
it explains what each visual
workplace technology is,
implementation requires much more
detail. What is required is a known
sequence of steps that yields early
success (the easy part) and ensures
long-term sustainability – that
elusive holy grail of all
improvement activity. The
improvement workscape is already
littered with too many failed
implementations – failed because
either the initiative caused more
harm than good and/or because
improvements did not last.
Primarily, then, this is a book
about knowledge, not know-how. It
has four sections. Section One
focuses on basic concepts and
principles, with Chapter I
discussing enterprise excellence and
the pure power of visual information
sharing. Chapter II presents the
eight building blocks of visual
thinking and is as close to a
methods primer as you will find in
this volume.
The second section of the book
focuses on the culture of work,
beginning with the discussion in
Chapter III of the role of
executives in discovering and
developing new facets of leadership
– including initiating the
empowerment conversion that results
in a deeply engaged, spirited,
inventive, and aligned workforce.
Chapter IV discusses the evolution
of individual employees into visual
thinkers, capable of creating a
genuinely visual work environment.
The three chapters in the book’s
third section detail the
technologies of the visual
workplace, what they are, why they
are important, and who takes the
lead in implementing them – visual
order, visual standards, visual
displays, visual metrics, visual
problem-solving, visual controls,
visual pull systems, and visual
guarantees.
The book concludes with a
discussion of the visual and lean
paradigms, how they support each
other, and where the most common
mistakes are made in bringing them
into alignment – for aligned they
must be if excellence in the
enterprise is to be achieved and
sustained.
Graphics and charts along with
over a dozen photographic folios of
actual examples anchor your
understanding. Other photographs of
visual solutions populate the text.
I hope many of these will knock your
socks off, much as they knocked off
mine when I first saw them.
As you turn the last page, it is
my sincere wish that you will have
gained a much deeper and more
complete understanding of why
workplace visuality is crucial to
your company’s journey to excellence
and your own. If all goes well, by
book’s end, you may also be well on
your own way to becoming a visual
thinker. I would be so very pleased
if you were.
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